The greywacke rocks that form the waterfall were deposited as sand and mud on the shallow sea floor off the east coast of Gondwana about 180 million years ago during the Jurassic Epoch. At that time Zealandia (New Zealand) was still part of the southern supercontinent of Gondwana and the Tasman Sea had not opened up. These strata belong to what geologists call the Murihiku Terrane and were buried by 2-5 km of additional sediment that compressed and hardened them to greywacke. Before and during the opening of the Tasman Sea (80-55 million years ago) these rocks were further compressed into large folds and pushed up out of the sea as a mountain range. For the next 70-100 million years these mountains were slowly eroded down to a flat coastal plain and eventually submerged beneath shallow seas at the time of maximum submergence of Zealandia during the Oligocene period (33-24 million years ago). Limestones and sandstones that were deposited on top of the greywackes have subsequently been uplifted and stripped off by erosion in the last 15-18 million years.
Can you see any bedding planes (former sea floors) in the waterfall?
Why do you think these originally flat layers are tilted down to the right (east}?
Why do you think there is a waterfall here?
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Directions/Advisory
From Piopio take Mangaotaki Rd for 20 km west. The Waitanguru Falls carpark and walk are signposted on side of road.