Waitomo Glowworm Cave

Karst develops in water-soluble rocks, typically limestones and these occur in numerous localities throughout New Zealand. Limestone is a sedimentary rock with a high percentage of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and a low percentage of sand and mud. Relatively pure, hard limestones with the highest percentage of calcium carbonate dissolve most readily and produce the best caves and karst features. Waitomo is one of the main districts in New Zealand for finding caves and karst and Waitomo Glowworm Cave is the most famous cave.
Caves are an essential feature of karst environments because they provide the fundamental conduits of the subterranean drainage system. Over thousands of years the water percolating through networks of cracks in limestone rocks creates larger and larger cavities. It eventually forms a labyrinth of caves along which water can flow freely from recharge to discharge point. As cave systems evolve and conditions change, water may no longer flow through them – they may flood only occasionally or passages may become completely dry if cave streams descend or dissolve to lower levels within the karst.
Caves may develop spectacular speleothem features such as stalactites that hang down from the ceiling and stalagmites that grow up from the floor. The solution of carbonate rocks like limestone and marble in water forms curious karst features both above and below ground. This process involves a series of chemical reactions between water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
The combined reactions can be summarised in the following equation:
water + carbon dioxide goes to carbonic acid which reacts with limestone to give more soluble calcium bicarbonate.
These reactions also occur in reverse in a process called precipitation. In this situation, percolating waters high in dissolved bicarbonate reach an existing cave where the air pressure and temperature may be different from the surface. Carbon dioxide is released from the calcium bicarbonate leaving calcium carbonate that crystallises into stalactites, stalagmites and precipitates such as flowstone in caves.

The upper levels of this cave are dry and not flooded. Why might this be?
Can you see stalactites, stalagmites and flowstone? How were these formed and which is which?
Why do glowworms have lights? Are glowworms actually worms?
Waitomo Glowworm Cave is an underground section of a small river. Which direction is the water flowing through the cave?